Here is a look at the life of the first female justice on the United States Supreme Court, Sandra Day O’Connor.
Personal:
Birth date: March 26, 1930
Birth place: El Paso, Texas
Birth name: Sandra Day
Father: Harry A. Day, rancher
Mother: Ada Mae (Wilkey), rancher
Marriage: John Jay O’Connor III (1952-2009, his death)
Children: Scott, Brian and Jay
Education: Stanford University, B.A. in Economics (magna cum laude), 1950; Stanford Law School, LL.B, 1952
Other Facts:
In law school, was on the Stanford Law Review and third in her class.
Completed law school in two years.
A proponent of judicial restraint. At her confirmation hearings, she said, “Judges are not only not authorized to engage in executive or legislative functions, they are also ill-equipped to do so.”
In retirement, O’Connor has campaigned around the United States to abolish elections for judges, believing that a merit system leads to a more qualified and untainted judiciary.
Timeline:
1952-1953 – County deputy attorney in San Mateo, California.
1955-1957- Works as a civilian lawyer for the Quartermaster Corps in Germany, while her husband serves with the Army’s Judge Advocate General Corps.
1959 – Opens a law firm in Maryvale, Arizona.
1965-1969 – Assistant Attorney General of Arizona.
1969 – Appointed to fill a vacant seat in the Arizona Senate.
1970 – Elected to the Arizona Senate.
1972 – Re-elected to the Arizona Senate and elected majority leader. She is the first woman to hold this office in any state.
1975-1979 – Superior Court judge of Maricopa County.
1979-1981 – Judge of the Arizona Court of Appeals.
August 19, 1981 – Formally nominated to the Supreme Court by President Ronald Reagan, to fill the seat of retiring Justice Potter Stewart.
September 21, 1981 – Confirmed by the US Senate.
September 25, 1981 – Sworn in as the first female Supreme Court justice of the United States.
1982 – Writes an opinion invalidating a women-only enrollment policy at a Mississippi State nursing school because it “tends to perpetuate the stereotyped view of nursing as an exclusively women’s job.” Mississippi University for Women, et al., v. Hogan
October 21, 1988 – Has surgery for breast cancer after being diagnosed earlier in the year.
1996 – Writes the majority opinion in a 5-4 decision to restrict affirmative action policies and voting districts that are created to boost political power of minorities. Shaw v. Reno
1999 – Writes the majority ruling opinion in the 5-4 sexual harassment ruling that public school districts that receive federal funds can be held liable when they are “deliberately indifferent” to the harassment of one student by another. Aurelia Davis v. Monroe County Bd. of Ed
2000 – Votes with the majority in a 5-4 decision that strikes down state laws banning the medical procedure that critics call “partial-birth” abortion. Stenberg v. Carhart
December 2000 – Votes in the majority to end the recount in Florida which leads to George W. Bush becoming president of the United States. O’Connor and Anthony M. Kennedy are the only justices who do not attach their names to either a concurring or dissenting opinion in the case. Bush v. Gore
January 31, 2006 – Retires from the Supreme Court.
2008 – Develops the website, OurCourts which later becomes iCivics, a free program for students to learn about the US court system. It allows students to investigate and argue actual cases and to participate in realistic government simulations.
July 30, 2009 – Is awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama.
February 25, 2014 – Releases the book “Out Of Order,” which is based on the Supreme Court and its history.
