Austrians began voting on Sunday in a presidential election re-run that puts far-right anti-immigration candidate Norbert Hofer up against the left-wing Alexander Van der Bellen.
While the Austrian president’s role is largely ceremonial, the vote is being closely watched around the world as a yardstick of wider anti-establishment sentiment.
If Hofer wins, he would become the first far-right head of state in Western Europe since the end of World War II.
But if Van der Bellen’s wins, his election would mark a significant change to Austria’s political landscape, which has been dominated by two centrist parties since the end of the war.
The original presidential vote was held in May, with Van der Bellen, a former Green Party leader, defeating Hofer by little more than 30,000 votes in a tightly fought contest decided by mail-in ballots.
But the results were challenged by Hofer and his party, and were eventually annulled over concerns about how some ballots were handled.
Populist groundswell
Hofer’s party has risen on a populist groundswell sweeping the continent caused by the European Union’s failure to make progress in the ongoing economic and migrant crises.
In contrast, Van der Bellen — a 72-year-old economist whose parents spent time in a refugee camp before settling in Austria — has championed liberal migration policies.
He is an outspoken supporter of gay marriage, and despite his age, he has young fans who organized dance raves in his support.
Following his victory on May, which was later annulled, Van der Bellen told CNN’s Christiane Amanpour that Europe “shouldn’t dramatize” the growing popularity of far-right parties in Europe.
But populism has had quite a boost since then.
Britain’s “Brexit” vote to leave the EU in a referendum in June sent shockwaves through Brussels, where fears are growing that more member states might consider pulling out of the post-war bloc.
Early in the campaign, Hofer indicated support for Austria’s own referendum on the country’s membership in the EU, but he has since changed his position, preferring to stay in a reformed decentralized union.
US President-elect Donald Trump’s surprise win last month may also give a boost to Hofer’s campaign.