PITTSBURGH – Department of Human Services (DHS) Secretary Teresa Miller recently joined representatives from anti-hunger organizations, employment and training programs, local grocery retailers and state and local officials at the Greater Pittsburgh Community Food Bank to discuss the effects from the Trump Administration’s numerous attacks on the Supplemental Nutrition Access Program (SNAP).
Cuts and changes to eligibility for the program will negatively affect charitable food networks across the state, thousands of vulnerable Pennsylvanians and Pennsylvania’s economy, Miller said.
“SNAP is not just the nation’s most important anti-hunger program – it helps support local farmers and small businesses and grows economies around the country,” Miller said.
“If proposed federal changes to the SNAP program take effect, the negative impacts will be felt well beyond the thousands of SNAP recipients who will be hurt.
“Without SNAP, charitable food networks will see an increased demand that they may be unable to meet, and retailers and food producers will experience lost profits from a decreased or more constrained customer base.”
According to DHS, SNAP helps more than 1.7 million Pennsylvanians access food, including about 700,000 children, about 690,000 people with disabilities and about 300,000 older adults.
Miller said if people receive less SNAP benefits each month or lose eligibility altogether, they may not have flexibility to make up the cut to their food budget without missing bills or giving up other essential needs.
Miller said people will turn to local food banks, pantries, and soup kitchens to help meet this need, which creates additional strain on charitable food networks that operate on limited resources.
“This steady stream of changes are part of a sustained attempt to weaken federal efforts to protect the most vulnerable of our neighbors including children and seniors in need. If allowed to take effect, they will cause real harm to thousands of people and hundreds of food retailers throughout our community,” said Lisa Scales, president and chief executive officer of Greater Pittsburgh Community Food Bank.
In addition to SNAP helping 1.7 million Pennsylvanians keep food on the table and avoid chronic hunger, SNAP helps local economies. More than 10,000 authorized retailers participate in SNAP across Pennsylvania, and these retailers redeemed about $2.6 billion in SNAP benefits in 2018 according to the USDA, according to DHS.
In May of 2019, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) published a study on the influence of SNAP redemptions on the economy and county-level employment in the time leading up to, during, and after the Great Recession.
This study found that SNAP redemptions could have a greater economic stimulus impact than many other forms of government spending per dollar spent, especially during a recession, because they are paid directly to low-income individuals.
For instance, it found that the grocery subsidies deliver food directly to tables along with a financial return into rural supermarkets and small businesses in those communities.
According to DHS, the Trump Administration has proposed two rules and has finalized a third that will jeopardize access to SNAP:
- Abled-Bodied Adults Without Dependents (ABAWDs) final rule: In December of 2019, the Trump Administration published a final rule, that goes into effect in April of 2020, that restricts states’ ability to determine which counties can be waived from work requirements for able-bodied adults without dependents, which are waived due to local unemployment rates.
The ability to waive counties is now based on federally-determined Labor Market Areas and on economic factors like excess labor and high unemployment.
The new rule lowers the threshold for unemployment rates those areas must meet to qualify for a waiver and removes state flexibility to determine which counties should be waived, despite states being better positioned to determine the economic environment in the local economies.
According to DHS, this rule change will jeopardize access to SNAP for more than 92,000 people across the state, many of whom struggle with mental health, substance use disorder and other long-term conditions that would be worsened by chronic hunger.
- Broad-Based Categorical Eligibility (BBCE) proposed rule: The Trump Administration in July announced a proposal to eliminate BBCE for SNAP. BBCE is a policy that gives states, including Pennsylvania, the flexibility to determine appropriate income thresholds and extend SNAP benefits to low-income families and individuals who would otherwise struggle to afford food.
With BBCE, a Pennsylvania family of four is eligible for SNAP if they earn no more than about $40,000 a year. If BBCE is eliminated, that family of four’s SNAP eligibility limit will drop from about $40,000 a year to no more than $32,000 a year. For elderly single-person households, the limit would change from approximately $24,000 a year to about $15,000.
Eliminating BBCE also impacts the ability for low-income children to receive free and reduced-price school lunches. Families whose children are eligible for SNAP receive direct certification for eligibility for free and reduced-price lunches.
Additionally, in districts where 40 percent or more children receive free and reduced-price lunches, the school qualifies for the Community Eligibility Provision, which allows schools and school districts in low-income areas to provide free school lunches to the entire school.
Reduction in the number of children receiving direct certification may mean entire districts lose their ability to provide free meals for all students.
- Heating/Cooling Standard Utility Allowance (SUA) proposed rule: And in October, the Trump Administration announced a proposal to alter the method Pennsylvania uses to determine the Heating/Cooling SUA for SNAP recipients, which could negatively affect approximately 775,000 households in Pennsylvania.
When DHS determines that a household is eligible for SNAP, to determine the value of the grant they will receive, the SUA is used as a factor, acknowledging that money needed to pay for shelter and utilities is not available to be used to purchase food.
The Trump Administration’s rule would use a standard formula to determine each state’s SUA for the entire country, ignoring costs of living and utility rates that vary from state to state.
The proposed rule impacts the Northeast states more significantly than the rest of the country due to the information used in the calculation.
According to DHS, in Pennsylvania, each reduction in the SUA of $10 equates to a $2 to $3 reduction in SNAP benefits. If the Heating and Cooling SUA was reduced by $200, for example, most households would see a reduction in SNAP benefits of $40 to $60 per month.
According to DHS, SNAP participants have an opportunity to gain skills through SNAP 50/50 programs that can help them get a job and excel in career paths like culinary arts, hospitality, banking, health care and skilled labor.
DHS officials say the programs also help with job placement and job retention skills. SNAP 50/50 partnerships come at no cost to the commonwealth and “create great value by helping participants gain valuable career skills that can help them find a career path and move off public assistance like SNAP and reach self-sufficiency.
“By helping participants move into the workforce, SNAP 50/50 supports communities that need skilled workers and helps broaden the state’s tax base.”
According to DHS, there are currently 19 SNAP 50/50 programs across Pennsylvania including New Century Careers. DHS has seen more than 300 positive outcomes – graduations or employment placements – since the start of the SNAP 50/50 program.
Officials say they are actively working to expand SNAP 50/50 partnerships around Pennsylvania, but without greater support from the federal government, there will not be enough employment and training programs to meet the need created by the ABAWD rule’s more stringent work requirements.
“Every one of these rule changes hurts vulnerable people and organizations in Pennsylvania and around the country,” said Miller.
“Every one of these rule changes forces people who are already in difficult positions to make the unconscionable choice of paying for food or paying for other necessities like utilities, rent or medicine.
“Food assistance is a simple investment in the public good for all of us. We must lift up the stories of the many Pennsylvanians for whom food assistance programs like SNAP and the help from charitable food organizations is invaluable and protect and preserve these life-saving resources.”
For more information on SNAP, visit www.dhs.pa.gov.