President Barack Obama is embarking upon a final bout of delicate overseas diplomacy before his successor is elected in November, arriving in Asia Saturday for meetings with some of his most nettlesome counterparts.
Air Force One touched down in Hangzhou, the host city of this year’s Group of 20 meetings, just after 2 p.m. local time (2 a.m. ET). Obama’s first stop was a formal bilateral session with the summit’s host, Chinese President Xi Jinping.
During that session, along with planned meetings with the leaders of Turkey and the Philippines, Obama is set to take a final stab at using face-to-face negotiating power to resolve simmering disputes.
Although he’s not officially meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin, a confrontation appeared likely amid persistent rifts over Syria and Ukraine. A fresh irritant has also soured ties: Russians’ suspected hacking of US political organizations months ahead of the general election.
For Obama, this week’s trip to China and Laos is one of his last opportunities to shape American foreign policy before other leaders adapt their approach to the US based on the next president. He hopes to make a closing argument in some of his most fraught relationships before the business of state is handed off.
Obama’s aides characterized the foreign swing as a culmination of Obama’s long-term efforts.
“We see this trip as bringing together a number of the President’s top priorities really for the last seven and a half years,” said Ben Rhodes, Obama’s deputy national security adviser. “Three big pieces of the presidency are going to be front and center here, through climate change, the global economy and the Asia-Pacific region.”
In meetings with China’s Xi on Saturday, Obama was expected to formally ratify a much-heralded plan to reduce carbon emissions, part of a larger global agreement sealed in Paris last year. The cooperation on climate was a breakthrough in US-China relations when it was announced in 2014, seen as part of Obama’s larger mission to take decisive steps on curbing global warming.
Obama made an early effort to court the Chinese leader, inviting him for talks in the scorching desert outside Palm Springs, California, shortly after Xi took office. The climate agreement has been the chief accomplishment of their relationship.
But in other areas, Washington and Beijing remain firmly at odds, including over the rising Asian power’s territorial grabs in the South China Sea, its engagement in cyber warfare, a monetary policy often unwelcome in the West and longstanding concerns over human rights abuses.
Obama’s aides insist China is a success story for the administration, but acknowledge the persistent differences between the countries. They said those divergences would be covered in Obama’s talks with Xi, as they have for the past several years.
“Part of what I’ve tried to communicate to President Xi is that the United States arrives at its power, in part, by restraining itself,” Obama told CNN’s Fareed Zakaria in an interview ahead of the Asia trip, previewing his message.
“So where we see them violating international rules and norms, as we have seen in some cases in the South China Sea or in some of their behavior when it comes to economic policy, we’ve been very firm,” he added. “And we’ve indicated to them that there will be consequences.”
“Our relationship with China … defies easy and simple definitions,” said Daniel Kritenbrink, Obama’s senior director for Asian Affairs. “We recognize and are comfortable with the fact that there exists a broad range of tensions in the US-China relationship. We don’t shy away from that tension.”
In talks Sunday with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdo?an, Obama confronts another prickly leader who remains nonetheless indispensable to the United States.
Since an attempt to overthrow him failed in July, Erdogan has taken harsh tactics to consolidate power, worrying human rights advocates and US officials alike. The Turkish leader is expected to press Obama on an extradition request for US-based cleric Fettulah Gulen, under suspicion in Turkey for helping plot the coup. Gulen denies involvement, and the US is demanding evidence of his involvement, but rejecting the request could worsen ties between the two countries.
For the US, alienating Erdogan remains an unwelcome prospect given Turkey’s critical role in the battle against ISIS in Iraq and Syria. Even on that front, disagreements persist. Washington has pressed Ankara to end airstrikes on Syrian Kurds, whom the US is backing in the fight against ISIS terrorists.
Deep divides over Syria have also marred Obama’s relationship with Putin, adding to a litany of discord between the US and Russia that’s driven relations to their lowest level since the Cold War.
Formal talks between the two presidents are not scheduled in China’s Hangzhou, the host city for the G20. But aides expect the two men to converse on the sidelines of the summit in one last effort to extract concessions on the wide range of contested issues.
It’s a final attempt to salvage what’s become one of the most acrimonious relationships on the global stage. Putin’s persistent support for the Syrian regime, Moscow’s moves in Ukraine and the charge that Russia may be meddling in the US presidential contest have built a deeply antagonistic dynamic between the two leaders.
US officials have pinned the recent hack of the Democratic National Committee on Russia even as the US government has not yet officially identified a culprit.
Putin denied having any involvement in the hack in an interview published Friday, but he said it’s “important” the contents of the DNC emails were made public.
Still, analysts believe it’s unlikely Obama will greet Putin with new punitive action in China.
“Administrations in the last six months historically are loathe to impose costs,” said Michael Green, a senior vice president for Asia at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington and a former Asia aide to President George W. Bush.
“You risk creating a crisis for your successor, and any responsible steward of foreign policy doesn’t want to risk doing that,” Green continued. “It can ruin your legacy if the other side retaliates in your final months in office.”
At his second stop, in the Southeast Asian nation of Laos, Obama was planning his first face-to-face with the controversial new leader of key US ally, the Philippines.
President Rodrigo Duterte’s lewd comments about women and his harsh approach to battling drug crime have earned him the label the “Donald Trump of the Philippines.”
Obama has worked hard to develop the Philippines’ partnership with the US and as a regional counterbalance to China. He’s visited the country twice in his second term, and announced on a stop there in November the return of a US military presence at a critical naval base on the South China Sea.
But Duterte’s derogatory comments and a spike in extrajudicial killings of suspected drug dealers put the relationship in stormier waters.
“We absolutely expect that the President will raise concerns about some of the recent statements from the President of the Philippines,” Rhodes said. “We regularly meet with the leaders of our treaty allies where we have differences, whether it relates to human rights practices or derogatory comments.”
He continued, “We take the opportunity of those meetings to raise those issues directly. I think at the same time, of course, we have a very sensitive security environment in the region right now.”
The region’s security challenges were underscored Friday when a blast killed more than a dozen people in Davao City, in the southern Philippines. Duterte called it an act of terror.
Obama is expected to complete one more foreign swing as president, traveling to Peru for the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit in November and likely making additional stops in a presidential farewell tour.
But that trip is scheduled after the presidential election, meaning his stops in China and Laos this week will be his final chance to interact with world leaders before either Trump or Hillary Clinton make him a lame duck.
Amid his contentious bilateral agenda, Obama will find close allies at hand as well. His top global partner, German Chancellor Angela Merkel, is attending, as is Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, Obama’s newest foreign friend.
Obama is expected to meet British Prime Minister Theresa May for the first time since she replaced his stalwart partner David Cameron. The consequences of the Brexit vote were likely to arise in the summit’s various economic sessions.
Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto, fresh from his meeting with Trump, also was scheduled to travel to Hangzhou for a slightly less scrutinized session with global leaders.